Hockenheimring

Set in the flat pine forests of the Rhine valley in south-western Germany, the Hockenheimring opened in 1932 and became a fixture of the Formula 1 calendar, hosting the German Grand Prix on and off from 1970 and almost without interruption from 1977. For decades its defining feature was a layout of enormously long straights that blasted through the forest, linked by tight chicanes, before looping back into a tight, grandstand-ringed "Motodrom" stadium section packed with German fans.

In 2002 the circuit was radically shortened and reprofiled by Hermann Tilke, cutting out the long forest blasts in favour of a more conventional modern layout while retaining the famous stadium complex. The German Grand Prix later alternated with the Nürburgring before slipping off the calendar, with the 2019 race the last to be held there.

The venue carries a sombre place in racing history as the site where two-time world champion Jim Clark was killed in a Formula 2 race in April 1968, a loss that shook the sport and accelerated the push for greater safety.